Acid-Base Neutralization Calculator

Calculate unknown concentration, volume, or moles in acid-base reactions.

Enter the known values for your acid and base. Leave the field you want to calculate blank.

Examples

See how to use the calculator with real-world acid-base reactions.

Find Unknown Acid Concentration

Neutralization

Calculate the concentration of HCl when 25 mL reacts with 12.5 mL of 0.2 mol/L NaOH.

Acid Concentration (C₁, mol/L): mol/L

Acid Volume (V₁, mL): 25 mL

Acid H⁺ Ions (a): 1

Base Concentration (C₂, mol/L): 0.2 mol/L

Base Volume (V₂, mL): 12.5 mL

Base OH⁻ Ions (b): 1

Unknown Field: Acid Concentration (C₁)

Find Unknown Base Volume

Neutralization

Calculate the volume of 0.1 mol/L NaOH needed to neutralize 20 mL of 0.15 mol/L HCl.

Acid Concentration (C₁, mol/L): 0.15 mol/L

Acid Volume (V₁, mL): 20 mL

Acid H⁺ Ions (a): 1

Base Concentration (C₂, mol/L): 0.1 mol/L

Base Volume (V₂, mL): mL

Base OH⁻ Ions (b): 1

Unknown Field: Base Volume (V₂)

Polyprotic Acid Example

Neutralization

Calculate the volume of 0.2 mol/L Ba(OH)₂ needed to neutralize 30 mL of 0.1 mol/L H₂SO₄ (a=2, b=2).

Acid Concentration (C₁, mol/L): 0.1 mol/L

Acid Volume (V₁, mL): 30 mL

Acid H⁺ Ions (a): 2

Base Concentration (C₂, mol/L): 0.2 mol/L

Base Volume (V₂, mL): mL

Base OH⁻ Ions (b): 2

Unknown Field: Base Volume (V₂)

Find Unknown Acid Volume

Neutralization

Calculate the volume of 0.2 mol/L HNO₃ needed to neutralize 15 mL of 0.2 mol/L NaOH.

Acid Concentration (C₁, mol/L): 0.2 mol/L

Acid Volume (V₁, mL): mL

Acid H⁺ Ions (a): 1

Base Concentration (C₂, mol/L): 0.2 mol/L

Base Volume (V₂, mL): 15 mL

Base OH⁻ Ions (b): 1

Unknown Field: Acid Volume (V₁)

Other Titles
Understanding Acid-Base Neutralization Calculator: A Comprehensive Guide
Master acid-base reactions, titration, and neutralization calculations with this tool.

What is Acid-Base Neutralization?

  • Definition of Neutralization
  • Acid and Base Properties
  • Neutralization Equation
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. This process is fundamental in chemistry, especially in titration experiments and industrial applications.
General Neutralization Equation
The general equation for a neutralization reaction is: Acid + Base → Salt + Water. For example, HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.

Common Neutralization Reactions

  • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
  • H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Step-by-Step Guide to Using the Calculator

  • Input Known Values
  • Select Unknown Field
  • Interpret Results
To use the calculator, enter the known concentrations and volumes for your acid and base. Select which value you want to calculate and leave that field blank.
Example Workflow
If you know the acid concentration, acid volume, base concentration, and want to find the base volume, leave the base volume field blank and select it as the unknown.

Step-by-Step Examples

  • Calculate unknown acid concentration using titration data.
  • Find required base volume for complete neutralization.

Real-World Applications of Neutralization

  • Laboratory Titration
  • Industrial Processes
  • Environmental Chemistry
Neutralization is widely used in laboratory titrations to determine unknown concentrations, in industry for waste treatment, and in environmental chemistry to neutralize acidic or basic pollutants.
Applications in Daily Life
Examples include antacid tablets neutralizing stomach acid and lime used to treat acidic soil.

Practical Applications

  • Titration of vinegar with NaOH
  • Neutralizing acid spills with baking soda

Common Misconceptions and Correct Methods

  • Stoichiometry Matters
  • Polyprotic Acids and Polyhydroxy Bases
  • Unit Conversions
A common mistake is ignoring the number of H⁺ or OH⁻ ions in the acid or base. Always use the correct stoichiometric coefficients in calculations.
Correct Calculation Approach
Ensure all volumes are in the same unit (usually mL or L) and use the correct ion counts for polyprotic/polyhydroxy substances.

Misconception Examples

  • H₂SO₄ (a=2) vs. HCl (a=1)
  • Ba(OH)₂ (b=2) vs. NaOH (b=1)

Mathematical Derivation and Examples

  • Neutralization Formula
  • Solving for Unknowns
  • Worked Examples
The neutralization formula is: C₁ × V₁ × a = C₂ × V₂ × b. You can rearrange this equation to solve for any unknown (concentration or volume).
Example Calculation
If 25 mL of HCl (a=1) is neutralized by 12.5 mL of 0.2 mol/L NaOH (b=1), then C₁ = (C₂ × V₂ × b) / (V₁ × a) = (0.2 × 12.5 × 1) / (25 × 1) = 0.1 mol/L.

Mathematical Examples

  • C₁ = (C₂ × V₂ × b) / (V₁ × a)
  • V₂ = (C₁ × V₁ × a) / (C₂ × b)